牛津实用英语语法 224 if从句中的will/would和should
通常这些助动词不用于条件句中的if之后,然而以下情况例外。
A if you will/would常用于有礼貌的请求中,此时可用更有礼貌的形式would。
If you will/would wait a moment I%26rsquo;ll see if Mr Jones is free.
请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空。(请等候)
I would be very grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.
如果您能为我安排一下,我将不胜感激。
假如这种要求在当时的情况下通常都会提出,已成为套话,if you would+动词原形就常常单独使用。这表示说话人认为对方理所当然会照办。
If you%26rsquo;d fill up this form.
请填好这张表。
(in a hotel) If you%26rsquo;d just sign the register.
(在旅馆中)请在登记簿上签名。
(in a shop)If you%26rsquo;d put your address on the back of the cheque.
(在商店里)请在支票的背面写下你的地址。
(in a classroom)If you%26rsquo;d open your books.
(在教室里)请打开你们的书。
B 表示愿意的if+will/would适用于所有人称:
If he%26rsquo;ll listen to me I%26rsquo;ll be able to help him.
如果他听我说,我就会帮助他。(如果他乐意听%26hellip;%26hellip;)
If Tom would tell me what he wants for his dinner I%26rsquo;d cook it for him.
如果汤姆愿意告诉我他晚饭要吃什么,我就会做给他吃。(说话人的意思是说汤姆不愿告诉她。)如在这里使用won%26rsquo;t时,则意味着拒绝:
If he won%26rsquo; t listen to me I can%26rsquo;t help him.
如果他不肯听我的话,我就不能帮他的忙。(如果他不愿听/如果他拒绝听%26hellip;%26hellip;)
If they won%26rsquo;t accept a cheque we%26rsquo;ll have to pay cash.
如果他们不愿接受支票我们就只能付现金。(如果他们拒收%26hellip;%26hellip;)
C Will 可以用来表示执意坚持(参见第230节B):
If you will play the drums all night no wonder the neighbours complain.
如果你一定要整夜敲鼓的话,那就难怪邻居抱怨。(要是你执意敲的话%26hellip;%26hellip;)
D if+would like/care 可以用来代替 if+want/wish,而且比后者有礼貌:
If you would like to come I%26rsquo;ll get a ticket for you.
如果你想来,我就给你弄一张票。
If you%26rsquo;d care to see the photographs I%26rsquo;ll bring them round
如果你有兴趣看那些照片,我就带来。
If he%26rsquo;d like to leave his car here he can.
如果他想把车停放在这里,他可以这样做。
但是,如果改写一下句子,使 would like没有宾语,就可以省掉 would:
If you like I%26rsquo;ll get a ticket for you.
如果你喜欢,我就给你弄一张票。
但是说:
If you%26rsquo;d like a ticket I%26rsquo;ll get one for you.
(译文同上。)
If he likes he can leave his car here.
如果他愿意,他可以把车停放在这里。
但是说:
If he%26rsquo;d like to leave his car here he can./ He can leave it here
if he%26rsquo;d like to.(译文同上。)
E if+should可以用于条件句类型1,用来表示动作虽有可能实现但可能性不很大。它常和祈使句结合使用,而且主要用于 书面的说明中:
If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts ring this number.
万一你买备件时遇到什么困难,请打这个电话号码。
If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition please inform the factory at once.
饼干运到时如有损坏,请立即通知本厂。
should可以位于句首而省略掉if:
Should these biscuits arrive%26hellip;
(译文同上。)
(参见第225节B。)
