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牛津实用英语语法 224 if从句中的will/would和should

牛津实用英语语法 224 if从句中的will/would和should

通常这些助动词不用于条件句中的if之后,然而以下情况例外。

A if you will/would常用于有礼貌的请求中,此时可用更有礼貌的形式would。

If you will/would wait a moment I%26rsquo;ll see if Mr Jones is free.

请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空。(请等候)

I would be very grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.

如果您能为我安排一下,我将不胜感激。

假如这种要求在当时的情况下通常都会提出,已成为套话,if you would+动词原形就常常单独使用。这表示说话人认为对方理所当然会照办。

If you%26rsquo;d fill up this form.

请填好这张表。

(in a hotel) If you%26rsquo;d just sign the register.

(在旅馆中)请在登记簿上签名。

(in a shop)If you%26rsquo;d put your address on the back of the cheque.

(在商店里)请在支票的背面写下你的地址。

(in a classroom)If you%26rsquo;d open your books.

(在教室里)请打开你们的书。

B 表示愿意的if+will/would适用于所有人称:

If he%26rsquo;ll listen to me I%26rsquo;ll be able to help him.

如果他听我说,我就会帮助他。(如果他乐意听%26hellip;%26hellip;)

If Tom would tell me what he wants for his dinner I%26rsquo;d cook it for him.

如果汤姆愿意告诉我他晚饭要吃什么,我就会做给他吃。(说话人的意思是说汤姆不愿告诉她。)如在这里使用won%26rsquo;t时,则意味着拒绝:

If he won%26rsquo; t listen to me I can%26rsquo;t help him.

如果他不肯听我的话,我就不能帮他的忙。(如果他不愿听/如果他拒绝听%26hellip;%26hellip;)

If they won%26rsquo;t accept a cheque we%26rsquo;ll have to pay cash.

如果他们不愿接受支票我们就只能付现金。(如果他们拒收%26hellip;%26hellip;)

C Will 可以用来表示执意坚持(参见第230节B):

If you will play the drums all night no wonder the neighbours complain.

如果你一定要整夜敲鼓的话,那就难怪邻居抱怨。(要是你执意敲的话%26hellip;%26hellip;)

D if+would like/care 可以用来代替 if+want/wish,而且比后者有礼貌:

If you would like to come I%26rsquo;ll get a ticket for you.

如果你想来,我就给你弄一张票。

If you%26rsquo;d care to see the photographs I%26rsquo;ll bring them round

如果你有兴趣看那些照片,我就带来。

If he%26rsquo;d like to leave his car here he can.

如果他想把车停放在这里,他可以这样做。

但是,如果改写一下句子,使 would like没有宾语,就可以省掉 would:

If you like I%26rsquo;ll get a ticket for you.

如果你喜欢,我就给你弄一张票。

但是说:

If you%26rsquo;d like a ticket I%26rsquo;ll get one for you.

(译文同上。)

If he likes he can leave his car here.

如果他愿意,他可以把车停放在这里。

但是说:

If he%26rsquo;d like to leave his car here he can./ He can leave it here

if he%26rsquo;d like to.(译文同上。)

E if+should可以用于条件句类型1,用来表示动作虽有可能实现但可能性不很大。它常和祈使句结合使用,而且主要用于 书面的说明中:

If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts ring this number.

万一你买备件时遇到什么困难,请打这个电话号码。

If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition please inform the factory at once.

饼干运到时如有损坏,请立即通知本厂。

should可以位于句首而省略掉if:

Should these biscuits arrive%26hellip;

(译文同上。)

(参见第225节B。)